A train carrying a mixed assortment of carload freight bound for multiple destinations, as opposed to a unit train. Manifest trains typically undergo classification at intermediate yards to set out and pick up cars. They are the backbone of the carload business and handle the broadest variety of commodities.
A train composed entirely of cars carrying the same commodity between a single origin and a single destination, running as a dedicated shuttle. Unit trains eliminate intermediate classification, reducing transit time and cost. Common examples include coal trains, grain trains, and crude oil trains.
A high-priority train carrying intermodal containers or trailers on flatcars, typically operating on expedited schedules to compete with long-haul trucking. Intermodal trains generally run at higher speeds and have priority over manifest trains in most railroad operating plans. They serve as the interface between the rail and trucking networks.
A large rail facility where cars from inbound trains are sorted and grouped by destination to build outbound trains. Cars may be sorted using hump switching, flat switching, or a combination of both. Classification yards are the central nodes of the carload network.
The complete list of equipment making up a train, including locomotives and each railcar in order, with car numbers, commodities, weights, and destinations. A consist document (also called a train list) travels with the train and is transmitted electronically ahead of arrival. Consists are essential for safety planning and crew briefings.
The process of grouping railcars destined for the same or nearby destinations together within a train so they can be set out as a single cut without additional classification. A blocking plan defines how a railroad arranges cars to minimize intermediate switching. Effective blocking reduces terminal dwell and improves network efficiency.